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Hudson Plains Ecoregion
The Hudson Plains Ecoregion is a vast, flat, and waterlogged landscape. This ecoregion covers a 369,000 square kilometer area along the south shoreline of the Hudson Bay, which includes the Canadian provinces of Eastern Quebec, Northern Ontario and Western Manitoba. Because of the location of the ecoregion, winter prevails for many months of the year and rising temperatures, along with melting ice, makes fog common. The short summers provide a home for thousands of migrating birds. The region is used by humans for its mineral resources and hydroelectric power as a result of the abundance of water and emergent societal needs. Though relatively uninhabited and undisturbed, the natural resources of the Hudson Plains are still subject to anthropogenic activities. Its climatic, geographic, and evolutionary patterns categorize it as one of many ecoregions in North America.
==Geology, topography, and soil type==
The Hudson Plains Ecoregion soil has Paleozoic and Proterozoic rock with marine silty and clayey sediments on the coastal shore that are young, poorly developed, and saline.〔Hogan, M. C. (2008). Hudson Plains Ecoregion. In M. McGinley (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Earth. Commission for Environmental Cooperation. Retrieved March 2013, from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Hudson_Plains_ecoregion_(CEC)〕 The marine soils were deposited by glacial and marine processes.〔Hudson Plains Ecozone. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2013, from http://ecozones.ca/english/zone/HudsonPlains/land.html〕 Permafrost extends in continuous stretches in the Northwest to isolated patches in the Southwest.〔 Glaciation and permafrost in the soil have made drainage slow to non-existent, decreasing rates of decay. In the south, the soil is partially decayed organic material, while in warmer drier locations, the soil is moderately weathered minerals. In other locations, the soil is frozen organic material. During the last ice age, the area was depressed by the weight of the ice and ocean water flooded inland past the current coastline. As the ice retreated, drainage to the Hudson Bay was blocked, creating expansive lakes such as Lakes Agassiz and Ojibway.〔 In winter months, ice packs exist in the Hudson Bay that change the topography until the warmer months arrive, when the ice pack retreats, affecting animals such as polar bears and Arctic foxes that use the ice pack.〔Hogan, M. (2009). Hudson Bay. In P. Saundry (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved March 2013, from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Hudson_Bay?topic=49523〕 Wetlands and peatlands cover the area due to its flat nature.〔 In the region, coastal marshes and wide tidal flats. On the east coast of the Hudson Bay, glacial polishes and striations were formed from the erosion of glacial ice on exposed rock.〔Marr, W. (1948). Ecology of the Forest-Tundra Ecotone on the East Coast of Hudson Bay. Ecological Monographs, 18(1), 121. Retrieved March 2013, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1948630?seq=5〕 Sandy strip-like features indicate beach ridges, marking the continuing isostatic rebound of the landscape.〔 Over the landscape, there are alternating depressions, bogs, and fens.〔 The major rivers are the Nelson and Hayes in Manitoba; the Severn, Winisk, Albany, and Abittibi in Ontario; and the Eastmain and La Grande in Quebec.〔 Traveling west, the landscape becomes boreal forest.〔Hudson Plains Topography. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2013, from https://sites.google.com/site/hudsonplainsecozonecom/home/hudson-plains-topography〕 Vegetation varies latitudinally, following the poor drainage patterns of the soil.〔 Peat-covered lowlands are waterlogged for prolonged periods, promoting and developing important habitats for waterfowl.〔Taiga Shield and Hudson Plains. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2013, from http://www.nabci-us.org/bcr7.html〕 Along with waterfowl, the high water concentrations give rise to massive populations of insects. In the rivers, streams, and lakes, fish species such as brook trout and walleye exist. As the summer arrives, the number and variety of wildlife increases greatly.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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